ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the clinical characteristics and treatment prognosis of patients with ocular toxocariasis (OT).Methods:A retrospective clinical trial. From March 2018 to September 2021, 40 eyes of 40 OT patients diagnosed by ophthalmic examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in the study. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) examination. Color Doppler ultrasound flow imaging (CDFI), fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in 25, 26 and 26 eyes, respectively. Among the 40 patients, there were 23 males (57.5%, 23/40) and 17 females (42.5%, 17/40). All patients were monocular. Thirty patients (75.0%, 30/40) were younger than 18 years old, with the mean age of (9.60±0.60) years. Ten patients (25.0%, 10/40) were great than or equal to 18 years old, with the mean age of (34.60±4.52) years. Thirty-three patients (82.5%, 33/40) lived in rural areas for a long time. There were 27 patients (67.5%, 27/40) with a history of contact with dogs and cats. In 40 eyes, peripheral granuloma (peripheral type), posterior pole granuloma (posterior pole type), vitreous opacity similar to endophthalmitis (turbid type) and hybrid type were 18(45.0%, 18/40), 11(27.5%, 11/40), 6(15.0%, 6/40) ang 5(12.5%,5/40), respectively. All patients were treated with drugs and/or surgery after definite diagnosis. There were 28 eyes of peripheral type, posterior pole type and hybrid type, 17 eyes were treated with surgery and 11 eyes with drug treatment, respectively. Five eyes with turbid type were only treated with drugs. In 40 patients, 33 patients participated in follow-up. The follow-up time after treatment was (18.78±9.44) months. The improvement of BCVA was observed. The number of eyes with different BCVA before and after treatment was compared by χ2 test or Fisher's test. Results:At the first visit, the BCVA ranged from light perception to 0.6, including 20 eyes with BCVA <0.1, 13 eyes with BCVA 0.1-0.3, and 7 eyes with BCVA >0.3. The posterior vitreous anterior limiting membrane was thickened in 24 eyes (60.0%, 24/40). There were 27 eyes (67.5%, 27/40) with lamellar vitreous opacity and 22 eyes (55.0%, 22/40) with peripheral/posterior pole granulomas. Among 25 eyes examined by CDFI, 14 eyes (56.0%, 14/25) showed characteristic stratified or diffuse opacity in vitreous body. Of the 26 eyes examined by FFA, 15 eyes (57.7%, 15/26) had "fern-like" leakage of retinal capillaries, and the lesion had a patchy non-perfused area. In 26 eyes examined by OCT, epiretinal membrane, cystoid macular edema and vitreoretinal traction were 8 (30.8%, 8/26), 5 (19.2%, 5/26) and 2 (7.7%, 2/26) eyes, respectively. At the last follow-up, compared with before treatment, the BCVA of 5 eyes with turbid type increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In 28 eyes with peripheral type, posterior pole type and hybrid type, 17 eyes with surgical treatment improved BCVA, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.258, P<0.05). In 11 eyes only treated with drugs, BCVA remained unchanged, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.594, P>0.05). Conclusions:OT patients are mostly children; retinal granulomas, gray-white hyperplastic membrane behind lens or vitreous stratified opacity are specific characteristics. OT is mainly treated by glucocorticoid drugs and vitrectomy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the protective effect of asiatic acid (AA) on blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Ninety-six healthy 8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group, low-dose AA group and high-dose AA group, with 24 rats in each group.Intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) was used to establish diabetes model.One month after the establishment of the model, the low-dose AA group and the high-dose AA group were given intragastrical administration of 37.5 mg/kg AA and 75.0 mg/kg AA, respectively, once a day according to grouping.The normal control group and the diabetes group were administrated with the same amount of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.The body weight of the rats were weighted at week 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 after intragastrical administration.Blood was taken from the tail vein and the blood glucose level was measured.The retina was obtained one month following the administration.Pathological changes of the rats retina were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Evan's blue quantitative method was used to detect the damage of blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the distribution of Occludin, Notch1, Jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 (JAG1) and Delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (DLL4) in retina.The mRNA and protein expressive levels of Occludin, Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot.The study protocol was approved by a Scientific Research and Clinical Trial Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2020-KY-228). The use and care of animals complied with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of National Institutes of Health and the 3R rules.Results:At 4 weeks after intragastrical administration, the body weight of the high-dose AA group was significantly higher than that of the diabetes group, and the blood glucose values were significantly lower in the high-dose AA group and the low-dose AA group in comparison with the diabetes group (all at P<0.05). The cells were arranged orderly with clear layered structure in the normal control group.In the diabetes group, the retina was thicker than that of the normal control group, with a thicker outer nuclear layer, disordered cell arrangement and unclear layered structure.Compared with the diabetes group, the total retinal thickness and structure were obviously improved in the low-dose AA group and the high-dose AA group.Evan's blue leakage in retina was (3.07±1.30), (13.73±3.88), (9.57±2.69) and (6.55±1.61)ng/mg in the normal control group, the diabetes group, the low-dose AA group and the high-dose AA group, respectively.There was a significant difference in leakage of Evan's blue among the four groups ( F=18.50, P<0.01), among which the leakage of Evan's blue dye in the high-dose AA group was significantly lower than that of the diabetes group ( P<0.01). Compared with the diabetes group, there was significantly higher relative expression level of Occludin protein and significantly lower relative expression levels of Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 proteins in the other three groups (all at P<0.05). The relative expression level of Occludin protein was significantly higher and the relative expression levels of Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 proteins were significantly lower in the high-dose AA group than those in the low-dose AA group (all at P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the Occludin mRNA expression level was significantly decreased and the expression levels of Notch1, JAG1 and DLL4 mRNA were significantly increased in the diabetes group and low-dose AA group (all at P<0.01). The Occludin mRNA expression level was higher and the Notch1 mRNA expression level was lower in the high-dose AA group than those in the diabetes group and the low-dose AA group, and the expression levels of JAG1 and DLL4 mRNA were lower in the high-dose AA group in comparison with the diabetes group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Asiatic acid might play a protective role on BRB in diabetic rats by inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 3.5% lidocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic gel for eye surface anesthesia.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted in 10 hospitals in China from August 2018 to April 2019 under the approval of an Ethics Committee of Beijing Hospital (No.2018BJYYEC-014-02). A total of 220 fellow eyes of 220 subjects who received ocular surgery in one eye were actually enrolled according to a same included criteria in different institutes.The 220 eyes were randomly divided into control group and trail group.Two drops of lidocaine hydrochloride gel were dropped at about 5 mm away from corneal limbus at 6 o'clock direction of experimental eye of the trail group, and the blank gel was used in the eyes of the control group in the same way.The pain sensation was assessed with a 0.3 mm toothless micro forceps on conjunctiva within a specified time, and ''pain'' or ''no pain'' was answered by the subjects.The primary effective indexes, namely the number of eyes and percentage of ''no pain'' within 5 minutes following dropping, as well as the secondary indexes including the onset time point of the drug and the duration of anesthesia were recorded and evaluated.Safety evaluation took ocular and system adverse events into account.Results:Within 5 minutes after dropping, ''no pain'' occurred in 104 eyes (94.55%) and 29 eyes (26.36%) in the trail group and control group, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=106.948, P<0.001). And there was a significant difference in anesthesia onset time between the trail group and control group (40.0 seconds vs. 300.0 seconds) ( Z=-15.17, P<0.001). The duration of anesthesia was 860.5 (577.5, 1 180.0) seconds in the trail group and 676.0 (280.0, 1 401.0) seconds in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.898, P>0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the trail group and control group were 5.45% (6/110) and 4.55% (5/110), respectively, without statistical significance between them ( P=1.000). Conclusions:The 3.5% lidocaine hydrochloride is a safe, effective, easy to use and high-quality surface anesthesia drug for eye surgery.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of macrophages (MCs) on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). MethodsA total of 24 C57BL/6N mice were used to obtain MCs by peritoneal irrigation, and the supernatant was collected to obtain the conditioned medium of MCs (MC-CDM). Activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and fibroblast growth factor were used to induce the differentiation of mouse iPSCs into HPCs. The differentiation of HPCs were randomly divided into control group (normal medium) and experimental group (MC group; use of MC-CDM medium on day 5 of induction). Morphology, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot were used to compare the morphology of HPCs and the expression of related proteins between the control group and the MC group. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. ResultsHPCs derived from iPSCs were established in vitro, and HPCs had the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes. Immunofluorescence assay showed that compared with the D12 control group, the D12 MC group had a significant increase in the protein expression of the HPC-specific protein CK19 (0.901±0.072 vs 0.686±0.097, t=-3.093, P＜0.05). Western blot showed that compared with the D12 control group, the D12 MC group had a significant increase in the protein expression of the HPC-related protein CK19 (1.922±0.103 vs 1.448±0.012, t =-7.881, P ＜005), as well as a significant increase in the protein expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3 (1.392±0.042 vs 1.101±0048, t =-5.978, P＜005). ConclusionMCs can promote the differentiation of mouse iPSCs into HPCs, possibly by increasing the autophagy level of HPCs.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Enteritis is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), but the immunopathogenesis has not been reported. @*Objectives@#This study examined the effect of a PCV2 infection on the intestinal mucosal immune function through morphological observations and immune-related molecular detection. @*Methods@#Morphological changes within the ileum of piglets during a PCV2 infection were observed. The expression of the related-molecules was analyzed using a gene chip. The immunocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. The secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) content was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@#The PCV2 infection caused ileal villus damage, intestinal epithelial cells exfoliation, and an increase in lymphocytes in the lamina propria at 21 days post-infection.Differentially expressed genes occurred in the defense response, inflammatory response, and the complement and coagulation cascade reactions. Most of them were downregulated significantly at the induction site and upregulated at the effector site. The genes associated with SIgA production were downregulated significantly at the induction site. In contrast, the expression of the Toll-like receptor-related genes was upregulated significantly at the effector site. The frequencies of dendritic cells, B cells, and CD8 + T cells were upregulated at the 2 sites. The SIgA content decreased significantly in the ileal mucosa. @*Conclusions@#PCV2 infections can cause damage to the ileum that is associated with changes in immune-related gene expression, immune-related cell subsets, and SIgA production.These findings elucidated the molecular changes in the ileum after a PCV2 infection from the perspective of intestinal mucosal immunity, which provides insights into a further study for PCV2-induced enteritis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on retinal photoreceptor cells and the underlying mechanism after light damage.Methods Fifty 5-6 weeks old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group (10 mice),light damage+LIF group (20 mice) and light damage+PBS group (20 mice).Four days before exposing to light,the right eye of each animal in light damage+LIF group and light damage+PBS group was injected with LIF and PBS,respectively;then the mice in the light damage+LIF group and light damage+PBS group were exposed to 4 000 lx intensity of cool white fluorescent light for 4 hours to establish the experimental model of retinal light damage.The function and morphology of retinal photoreceptor cells were detected by flash electroretinogram (fERG) and histopathological examination.Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Jak3,STAT3,and apoptosis-related factor Bcl-2 and Bax.The use of animals is guided by the State Science and Technology Commission's regulations on the management of experimental animals.Results The amplitudes of scotopic ERG a wave of 0.01,1,100,200,400 cd · s/m2 light in the light damage + PBS group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group and light damage + LIF group (all at P ＜ 0.05).The amplitudes of photopic ERG b wave of different color light in the light damage+PBS group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group and light damage+LIF group (all at P＜0.05).The number of photoreceptor nuclei in the light damage+PBS group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group and light damage+ LIF group (both at P＜0.05).Compared with light damage+PBS group,the relative expression of Jak3,STAT3,Bcl-2 mRNA in light damage+LIF group were significantly increased (all at P＜0.05),and the relative expression of Bax mRNA were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions LIF can protect retinal photoreceptor cells from light damage,which may result from the activation of Jak3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibition of its downstream Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of multi-mode images of retinal arterial macroaneurysms and provide reference for the accurate diagnostic.Methods The clinic data of 24 patients (25 eyes) with retinal arterial macroaneurysms who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2012 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity,fundus photography,and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).The patients who could not be diagnosed by fundus photography and FFA underwent indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examinations.The visual acuity of the three types of retinal arterial macroaneurysms and the diameters of retinal arterial macroaneurysms based on FFA images was analyzed.Results A single macroaneurysm appeared in all the 25 eyes.Retinal arterial macroaneurysms of 22 eyes were on temporal artery branches and those of 3 eyes were on the nasal artery branches.Sixteen retinal arterial macroaneurysms were determined as hemorrhagic type,2 were exudative type and the other 7 were quiescent type.The difference of vision acuity in the three types of retinal arterial macroaneurysms was significantly different (x2=15.117,P=0.001).Retinal arterial macroaneurysms of 20 eyes could be clearly exhibited by FFA,and the retinal arterial macroaneurysms in other 5 eyes which were concealed due to bleeding were displayed by ICGA and OCT.The average diameter of retinal arterial macroaneurysms and normal arteries were (330.65±43.09)μm and (134.70±10.74)μm,respectively,showing a significant difference (t =21.034,P =0.000) and a positive correlation between them (r =0.867,P=0.000).Conclusions Most retinal artcrial macroaneurysms can be diagnosed by FFA,moreover,both ICGA and OCT can provide necessary supplement for the concealed retinal arterial macroaneurysms.The larger the diameter of the normal artery is,the larger the diameter of the corresponding retinal arterial macroaneurysms is.The typing of retinal arterial macroaneurysms can offer basis for the evaluation of management.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect ofvitrectomy (PPV) combined with silicone oil filling on the stability of the tear film.Methods A total of 72 eyes of 36 patients with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment were enrolled in the study with PPV combined with silicone oil filling.The operation and contralateral eyes were set up in the operation group and the control group respectively,each had 36 eyes.The tear film rupture time (BUT),the base tear secretion test or Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ T) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were performed at 7,30,60,and 90 days after operation.The difference of BUT,S Ⅰ T and CFS at different time points after the operation of the two groups were compared.Results After operation 7,30 days,S Ⅰ T and CFS increased,BUT staining is shortened in the surgery group,the differences were statistically significant (t=1.78,P＜0.05);after operation 60,90 days,S Ⅰ T,CFS,BUT were same between the surgery group and the contralateral eyes (t=12.39,P＞0.05).Conclusion PPV combined with silicone oil filling can affect the stability of the tear film,which can be recovered to the preoperative level at postoperative 60 days.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cell survival of cone photoreceptors and the underlying mechanism following oxidant injury.Methods 661W cells were cultured and randomly divided into normal control group,LIF intervention group,H2O2 intervention group,S3 I201 intervention group,H2O2 + LIF intervention group,H2O2 + S3I201 intervention group and H2O2 + LIF + S3I201 intervention group,according to the different intervention drugs.MTT assay and Western blot were used to detect the effects of LIF pretreatment on 661W activity and the expression of STAT3 protein and its phosphorylation level after oxidative damage.Using STAT3-specific inhibitor S3I201 to block the STAT3 signal transduction pathway,MTT assay and real-time PCR were used to detect the effects of STAT3 signaling pathway on 661 W activity and the mRNA expression of survivin bcl-2 and bcl-xi after oxidative damage.Results Compared to H2O2 intervention group,the relative protein expression of p-Tyr705-STAT3 was increased in H2O2 + LIF intervention group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ O.05);The relative protein expression of p-Tyr705-STAT3 was decreased in H2O2 + S3I201 intervention group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to H2O2 intervention group,the cell activity of 661W cells was increased in H2O2 + LIF intervention group,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜0.05).Compared to H2O2 + LIF intervention group,the cell activity of 661W cells was decreased in H2O2 + LIF + S3I201 intervention group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to normal control group,the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xl were increased in LIF intervention group,H2O2 intervention group and H2O2 + LIF intervention group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to H2O2 + LIF intervention group,the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xl were decreased in H2O2 + LIF + S3I201 intervention group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LIF has protective effect on oxidative injury of cone photoreceptors,and it may contribute to cell survival through activation of the STAT3 signaling transduction pathway and its related survivin.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the possibility of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer by combined detec-tion of tumor markers dermcidin(DCD),CA199,CA724 and CEA. Methods We selected 81 colorectal cancer patients and 30 healthy individuals. Serum levels of DCD were detected by ELISA,and serum levels of CA199, CA724 and CEA were detected by electrochemical luminescent immunoassay,and the expression of DCD in colorectal cancer tissue and para-carcinoma tissue was measured by Western blot. Results Serum levels of CA199,CA724,and CEA were significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than in healthy individuals(P<0.001). Combined detection of DCD,CA199,CA724 and CEA had a greater AUC(0.942)for identifying colorec-tal cancer from the controls. The expression of DCD was significantly higher in colorectal tissue than in para-carci-noma tissue(P<0.05). Conclusions Level of DCD expression was significantly higher in colorectal tissue than in para-carcinoma tissue. Expressions of serum DCD,CA199,CA724,and CEA may be a marker in diagnosis of can-cer,with higher clinical value for the adjuvant diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effect and safety of vitreous liquefaction induced by C[3]F[8] [an inert gas] injected into vitreous cavit of rabbit eyes. 24 rabbits [48 eyes] were randomly divided into four groups, named group A, group B, group C and group D, with 6 rabbits in each group. The right eye in each rabbit was taken as the experimental eye while the left as the control eye. The experimental eyes in group A were injected with 0.1mL disinfectant air; the experimental eyes in group B, group C and group D were all injected with C[3]F[8] 0.1mL, 0.2mL and 0.3mL respectively after receiving anterior chamber penetration; and the controlled eyes in all group were injected with 0.1mL balanced salt solution [BSS]. During the first 7 d after injection, all the rabitts' eyes were examined by slit lamp, ophthalmoscope, intraocular pressure [IOP] and dark-adapted retina Electroretinography [ERG] each day. After that, the examination of IOG and ERP were reviewed weekly. Besides, B ultrasound should be examined to observe the situation of posterior vitreous detachment [PVD] in the 4[th] and 8[th] weeks. The rabbits were killed in the end of the 8[th] week, with their specimens examined by the light microscope, scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]. Except group A, all the experimental eyes were produced with vitreous liquefaction. In group C and group D, in addition to the produced vitreous liquefaction, posterior vitreous detachment [PVD], even complete PVD, were induced in different extent. But in group B, the vitreous body was returned to the gel state at 2 weeks after gas absorption. In group C and group D, the vitreous body was not found to recover its original state at 8 weeks. In group D, there was a little increase of intraocular pressure, a mild delay of wave a and wave b after ERG in the 4[th] day after the gas injection. While there was no such situation in other groups. After the examination of B ultrasound in the 8[th] week, the complete PVD occurred in group C [with 2 experimental eyes occurred] and group D [with 4 experimental eyes occurred]. Light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination showed no obvious abnormality. Smooth inner limiting membrane could be seen in the eye with PVD occurred when scanning electron microscope used. the injection of C[3]F[8] into rabbit eyes can improve the vitreous liquefaction of the vitreous body and a certain volume of C[3]F[8] can successfully and safely induce the PVD, and a larger volume of C[3]F[8] was also effective but with a transient high IOP in rabbit eyes
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the features and differences of electromyography of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and alcoholic peripheral neuropathy (APN ), and to provide reference basis for the clinical application of electromyography.Methods 58 patients with DPN and 30 patients with APN were used as subjects. Nerve conduction studies (NCS)and sympathetic skin response (SSR)were performed in the patients, all data were analyzed.Results In the patients with DPN, the abnormalities of NCS and SSR were increased with the prolongation of the time diabetes,and the abnormality of SSR was higher than that of NCS(P<0.05).In the patients with APN, both demyelination and axonal loss in motor and sensory nerves were significantly involved, and the abnomalities of NCS and SSR were higher than those of the DPN patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01);but the proximal nerves were just involoved mildly. Conclusion Both DPN and APN have characteristic electrophysiological features.Early electromyography is useful for the early diagnosis of DPN and APN.According to the electrophysiological features of DPN and APN,the reason of peripheral neuropathy in the patients who have diabetes mellitus and alcoholism could be differentiated.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound Tangbikang on the level of plasma β-EP of diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats, and to discuss its mechanism of neuroprotection and abirritation. Methods STZ and feeding high fat forage induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group, Mecobalamin group, Tangbikang high dose group, Tangbikang medium dose group, Tangbikang low dose group, with 10 normal rats as control. The control group and model group were daily gavaged with distilled water, Tangbikang groups were given Tangbikang with different dose. Mecobalamin was used as the control medicine. Body weight and FBG was detected every 4 weeks, rats’ unilateral sciatic nerve were taken out at the 16th week. Pathological variation of sciatic nerve was presented by HE staining, and radioimmunoassay method was used to detect the levels of plasma β-EP of diabetic peripheral neuropathy of rats. Results The weight and FBG had obviously changed in the 16th week. Compared with the model group, pathological injury of diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats in the Tangbikang groups were significantly improved. The level ofβ-EP of model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01) compared with normal group. Tangbikang medium and high dose group significantly increased the level of plasma β-EP (P<0.01). Conclusion Chinese herbal compound Tangbikang could reduce the fasting blood glucose, protect nervous system and promote the level of plasmaβ-EP of diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Methods Eight hundred and seventy-two pregnancies with proper indications underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous umbilical sampling. The data of each procedure were prospectively collected and subsequently analyzed for successful rate and pregnancy outcomes. Results Of 872 ultrasound-guided percutaneous umbilical sampling, 62.7% were done successfully at the first attempt, 36.0% were done successfully by two to four attempts. 31.4% fetuses had mild procedure-related complications and 0.3% fetuses had severe complications. Conclusion We should improve the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous umbilical sampling and make it a correct, safe and effective procedure for prenatal diagnosis.